Properties (13)

Id 7d003790-a835-46b9-b240-f9e0a9838deb

Year 2024

Abstract Misophonia, a heightened aversion to certain sounds, turns common cognitive and social exercises (e.g., paying attention during a lecture near a pen-clicking classmate, coexisting at the dinner table with a food-chomping relative) into challenging endeavors. How does exposure to triggering sounds impact cognitive and social judgments? We investigated this question in a sample of 65 participants (26 misophonia, 39 control) from the general population. In Phase 1, participants saw faces paired with auditory stimuli while completing a gender judgment task, then reported sound discomfort and identification. In Phase 2, participants saw these same faces with novel ones and reported face likeability and memory. For both oral and non-oral triggers, misophonic participants gave higher discomfort ratings than controls did–especially when identification was correct–and performed slower on the gender judgment. Misophonic participants rated lower likeability than controls did for faces they remembered with high discomfort sounds, and face memory was worse overall for faces originally paired with high discomfort sounds. Altogether, these results suggest that misophonic individuals show impairments on social and cognitive judgments if they must endure discomforting sounds. This experiment helps us better understand the day-to-day impact of misophonia and encourages usage of individualized triggers in future studies.

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purpleRed

Aliases

(Hansen et al., 2024)

Key Terms

Incidental memory encoding paradigm

Import Date 07-08-2024

Dv Status #status/reviewed

Dv Limitations • lacked clinical/audiological specialists to assess Misophonia or other audiological issues in participants • relied on a limited number of sound categories, with a wide variation in the acoustic properties between and within sound categories. as such the authors could not rule out the influence of low level acoustic properties in the results. • trigger sounds did not encompass all possible triggers ( ex: did not have examples of slurping or sniffling, dispite self rpeots of those triggers among the sample used. ) ([page 21](zotero://open-pdf/library/items/LNQM54X7?page=21&annotation=7WKCRJLG))

Dv Future Directions • Expand number of stimulus categories or personalize triggers for each participant • Investigate potential subsets of misophonia with differential cognitive effects • Examine impact of explicit memory instructions on performance

Dv Relevance • looked at the impact of Misophonia trigger exposure on cog/social judgments. • found impaired social/cog judgments when exposed to triggers, supporting the cognitive top down view of Misophonia • results indicated general task impairment for basics tasks such as gender judgment • found a split attention cost for Misophonics that suggests unique daily burdens in multi-tasking and general task completion for Misophonics when exposed to triggers. this effect was found for more then just oral facial triggers. • results showed that correct memory of a sound class ( trigger vs control) for the sound paired with a face influenced subjects ratings of the face likability. in contrast, lack of source memory was correlated with average/non-sig diff likability ratings across experimental conditions. again showing the cognitive (assessment) component of Misophonia • results showed poorer memory for faces paired with oral sounds compared to control/silence regardless of Misophonia • authors discuss the idea of different subsets of Misophonics with differing cog effects

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Status:: #status/reviewed

Metadata

Item Type: #journalArticle
Authors: Heather A. Hansen, Andrew B. Leber, Zeynep M. Saygin,
Date Added: May 30, 2024
URL: https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299698
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299698
Cite Key: hansenEffectMisophoniaCognitive2024
Tags: #Misophonia, #Cognitive
PDF Attachments

Abstract


Background/Purpose	Background- • Misophonia prevalence estimated at up to 20% of populations surveyed • Most knowledge of misophonia impairment based on self-report • Limited experimental research on cognitive/social effects, focused mainly on oral/nasal triggers • Lack of studies on non-oral trigger sounds and social judgments Purpose- • Investigate how exposure to triggering sounds (both oral and non-oral) impacts cognitive and social judgments in individuals with misophonia • Examine effects on task performance, trait judgments, and memory • in the context of research showing a tendency for Misophonics to label triggers as rude, the authors wanted to see if Misophonia altered ones view of other people. (page 2) • primary goal was to asses if/how trigger exposure (oral vs non-oral triggers) alters cognitive/social judgments in Misophonia (page 2)
Participants/samples	- 65 total participants (26 with misophonia, 39 controls) - Mean age 20.8 years (range 18-37) - Exclusion criteria: Age over 50
Measures	- Selective Sound Sensitivity Syndrome Scale (S5) - Duke-Vanderbilt Misophonia Screening Questionnaire (DVMSQ) - Discomfort ratings for sounds - Gender judgment task performance (accuracy and response time) - Face likeability ratings - Face and sound memory performance
Procedures	stimuli - Faces from Chicago Face Database - Sounds from Free Open-Access Misophonia Stimuli database (FOAMS) - Sound categories: Oral, Other (non-oral triggers), Control, Quiet two phase procedure - Phase 1: Faces paired with sounds, gender judgment task, sound identification and discomfort rating - Phase 2: Surprise memory test for faces and sounds, likeability ratings
Results	- Misophonia group gave higher discomfort ratings for both oral and non-oral trigger sounds - Discomfort ratings higher when sounds correctly identified, especially for oral sounds - Misophonia group showed slower response times on gender judgment task across sound categories - Lower likeability ratings given by misophonia group for faces paired with high discomfort sounds, when sound was correctly remembered - Face memory worse overall for faces paired with high discomfort sounds, but not specific to misophonia group • results indicated general task impairment for basics tasks such as gender judgment (page 19) • found an unexpected difference in Misophonic RT on trials with no sound, which the authors suggest may be the result of Misophonics waiting until they were sure no sound was playing before moving onto the gender assignment task. (page 19) • found a split attention cost for Misophonics that suggests unique daily burdens in multi-tasking and general task completion for Misophonics when exposed to triggers. this effect was found for more then just oral facial triggers. (page 19) • they found an odd trend where people rated faces paired with low discomfort sounds as more likeable then new faces. the authors discuss a number of possible explanations/interpretations for this trend, but fail to come to a strong conclusion on the matter. (page 19) • results showed that correct memory of a sound class ( trigger vs control) for the sound paired with a face influenced subjects ratings of the face likability. in contrast, lack of source memory was correlated with average/non-sig diff likability ratings across experimental conditions. again showing the cognitive (assessment) component of Misophonia (page 20) • results showed poorer memory for faces paired with oral sounds compared to control/silence regardless of Misophonia (page 20)
Discussion/Limits	Conclusion- • results suggest impaired social/cognitive judgments when exposed to triggers. (page 1) • Misophonic aversion extends to non-oral trigger sounds • Sound identification modulates discomfort across general population, exacerbated in misophonia • Misophonia associated with general performance deficits on basic tasks like gender judgment • Trait judgments impacted by explicit source memory in misophonia • Results suggest impairments on social and cognitive judgments when misophonic individuals endure discomforting sounds
Limitations::	• lacked clinical/audiological specialists to assess Misophonia or other audiological issues in participants • relied on a limited number of sound categories, with a wide variation in the acoustic properties between and within sound categories. as such the authors could not rule out the influence of low level acoustic properties in the results. • trigger sounds did not encompass all possible triggers ( ex: did not have examples of slurping or sniffling, dispite self rpeots of those triggers among the sample used. ) (page 21)
Future directions::	• Expand number of stimulus categories or personalize triggers for each participant • Investigate potential subsets of misophonia with differential cognitive effects • Examine impact of explicit memory instructions on performance
Relevance::	• looked at the impact of Misophonia trigger exposure on cog/social judgments. • found impaired social/cog judgments when exposed to triggers, supporting the cognitive top down view of Misophonia • results indicated general task impairment for basics tasks such as gender judgment • found a split attention cost for Misophonics that suggests unique daily burdens in multi-tasking and general task completion for Misophonics when exposed to triggers. this effect was found for more then just oral facial triggers. • results showed that correct memory of a sound class ( trigger vs control) for the sound paired with a face influenced subjects ratings of the face likability. in contrast, lack of source memory was correlated with average/non-sig diff likability ratings across experimental conditions. again showing the cognitive (assessment) component of Misophonia • results showed poorer memory for faces paired with oral sounds compared to control/silence regardless of Misophonia • authorrs discuss the idea of differnt subsets of Misophonics with differing cog effects

Notes

key terms

Incidental memory encoding paradigm - Experimental design where participants view stimuli (faces paired with sounds) without being told there will be a later memory test. (page 3)

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my questions

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Bookmarks

bookmark for talking about the RQ's (page 3)
bookmark talking about the odd trend in face ratings paired with low discomfort sounds. (page 19)
bookmark for talking about limitations (page 21)
bookmark talking about the potential of subsets of Misophonics with differing cog effects (pdf)

reading notes

the author describes how a common trait of Misophonia is to rationalize the Misophonic response as the result of trigger actions being rude (page 2)
bookmark talking about possible explanations for the lack of trait judgment or memory differences to Misophonic sounds (page 20)
the authors urge researchers to use multiple forms of Misophonia verification until a widely accepted questionnaire is validated and accepted widely. this is to prevent biases from improper group assignment and to help get a better picture of the Misophonic experience. (page 21)