Properties (14)
Id 712f2222-9aff-43be-96af-efed818f0345
Year 2025
Abstract The objectives of this study were to (1) assess if previously reported unidimensional factor structure of the Misophonia Impact Questionnaire (MIQ), Tinnitus Impact Questionnaire (TIQ), and Hyperacusis Impact Questionnaire (HIQ) can be confirmed in a nonclinical population, and (2) examine test-retest reliability and establish the minimum detectable change (MDC) for MIQ, TIQ and HIQ. 451 people completed the MIQ and HIQ sections of an online survey. A sub-sample of 173/451 who had tinnitus completed the TIQ too. 130/451 participants completed the second survey with 2 weeks interval for the MIQ and HIQ and 32/173 participants with tinnitus completed the TIQ in the second survey. All questionnaires showed excellent internal consistency, with Cronbach’s α of 0.93 for both the MIQ and TIQ and 0.91 for the HIQ. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed that the MIQ, TIQ and HIQ were all one-factor questionnaires. Based on the intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) values, the test-retest reliability was good for MIQ and HIQ and it was excellent for TIQ. Based on the MDC values, when these questionnaires are used for repeated measurements, the minimum amount of change that constitutes a true change is ≥ 8 for the total score of MIQ, ≥ 4 for the TIQ, and ≥ 7 for the total score of HIQ. In conclusion, the MIQ, TIQ and HIQ can be used in clinical practice or research setting to measure the impact of misophonia, tinnitus and hyperacusis on the individual’s life, respectively, as one-factor questionnaires with excellent internal consistency and good to excellent test-retest reliability.
Cssclasses
  • purpleRed
Aliases
  • Misophonia impact questionnaire (MIQ), tinnitus impact questionnaire (TIQ), and hyperacusis impact questionnaire (HIQ)
  • (Aazh & Kula, 2025)
Key Terms
  • Misophonia
  • Tinnitus
  • Hyperacusis
  • Impact on life
  • Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) 
  • minimum detectable change (MDC)
Import Date 10-06-2025
Dv Authors Hashir Aazh, Fatma Betul Kula,
Dv Limitations • Small test-retest sample for TIQ (N = 32); larger samples needed to confirm ICC and MDC values. • Cross-sectional design limits interpretation of sensitivity to change post-treatment.
Dv Future Directions • Use in longitudinal clinical trials to assess sensitivity to treatment-related change. • Establish minimally important change (MIC) values. • Evaluate psychometric properties of child versions of the questionnaires.
Dv Relevance • assess a measure of Misophonia along with measures for tinnitus and hyperacusis, finding all to be good measures with good internal consistency, and well suited for clinical and research applications. it also lists the minimum amount of change between repeated measures to consider it a true change ( for the MIQ it is a change of ≥ 4) could use a deeper review should I ever choose to use one of these measures.
Initial Source
  • Misophonia MOC
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Misophonia impact questionnaire (MIQ), tinnitus impact questionnaire (TIQ), and hyperacusis impact questionnaire (HIQ): Factor analysis, test-retest reliability, and minimum detectable change using a non-clinical population

Status:: #status/Bare-bones-review

Metadata

Abstract
Background/Purpose Background-
• Symptom severity and life impact are distinct constructs; for example, tinnitus loudness is weakly associated with its impact.
• Existing clinical measures often assess symptom severity but not the broader life impact.
• MIQ, TIQ, and HIQ were developed to measure impact, not severity, and have been previously validated in clinical populations.

Purpose-
• Validate the unidimensional structure of MIQ, TIQ, and HIQ in a non-clinical population.
• Assess test-retest reliability of the questionnaires.
• Determine minimum detectable change (MDC) values for MIQ, TIQ, and HIQ to inform clinical use.
Participants/samples • N = 451 for MIQ and HIQ; N = 173 for TIQ
• Age range: 18–86 (M = 36.5, SD = 12.8)
• 60.3% female; 69% had bachelor's or postgraduate education
• Majority White British/Irish/Other (76.7%)
• Recruitment via university and online charities/social media
• Inclusion: ≥18 years old, English proficiency; Exclusion: cognitive/visual impairments
Measures • MIQ (8 items): Emotional and behavioral impacts of misophonia (e.g., anxiety, avoidance, mood)
• TIQ (7 items): Effects of tinnitus on sleep, mood, concentration, activities
• HIQ (8 items): Impact of sound intolerance on relaxation, activities, mood, and fatigue
• Scoring: 0–3 scale per item; total score range: MIQ/HIQ = 0–24, TIQ = 0–21
• Previously established Cronbach’s α for internal consistency (MIQ = 0.94, TIQ = 0.84, HIQ = 0.93)
Procedures • Online surveys conducted via Qualtrics, spaced 2 weeks apart
• Participants rated symptom impact over the last 2 weeks
• CFA used to assess unidimensionality
• ICC used for test-retest reliability
• SEM and MDC calculated using standard formulas
Results • CFA supported a one-factor model for all three questionnaires with strong factor loadings (MIQ: 0.81–0.89; TIQ: 0.70–0.88; HIQ: 0.67–0.76)
• Internal consistency: α and ω = 0.93 (MIQ, TIQ), 0.91 (HIQ)
• Test-retest reliability: ICC = 0.79 (MIQ), 0.94 (TIQ), 0.84 (HIQ)
• MDC values: MIQ = 8, TIQ = 4, HIQ = 7
• No significant change in mean scores between tests; no age-related effects
Discussion/Limits Conclusion-
• MIQ, TIQ, and HIQ are robust, unidimensional measures of impact for misophonia, tinnitus, and hyperacusis respectively.
• Suitable for use in both research and clinical settings, including non-clinical populations.
• High internal consistency and good-to-excellent test-retest reliability support their reliability.
• MDC values provide practical thresholds for interpreting clinical significance in longitudinal assessments.

Limitations:: • Small test-retest sample for TIQ (N = 32); larger samples needed to confirm ICC and MDC values.
• Cross-sectional design limits interpretation of sensitivity to change post-treatment.
Future Directions::
• Use in longitudinal clinical trials to assess sensitivity to treatment-related change.
• Establish minimally important change (MIC) values.
• Evaluate psychometric properties of child versions of the questionnaires.
Relevance:: • assess a measure of Misophonia along with measures for tinnitus and hyperacusis, finding all to be good measures with good internal consistency, and well suited for clinical and research applications. it also lists the minimum amount of change between repeated measures to consider it a true change ( for the MIQ it is a change of ≥ 4)
• could use a deeper review should I ever choose to use one of these measures.

Notes

key terms and concepts:

Misophonia – A condition characterized by reduced tolerance to specific trigger sounds, often causing strong emotional and physiological reactions.

Tinnitus – The perception of sound (e.g., ringing) in the absence of an external source.

Hyperacusis – An abnormal sensitivity to everyday sounds, perceived as excessively loud or painful.

Impact on life – A construct assessing how a condition affects one’s daily functioning and quality of life, distinct from symptom severity.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) – A statistical technique used to verify the factor structure of a set of observed variables.

Test-retest reliability – The consistency of participants’ responses on a measure over time.

Minimum Detectable Change (MDC) – The smallest amount of change in a questionnaire score that reflects a true change beyond measurement error.

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